I couldn't sleep thinking over what the OP was asking about,
Quote:
The question may look rather obvious, but seemingly I'm not able to actually detect any change in cores clock frequency (I've used AMD OverDrive 4.2.1, CPU-Z 1.57, RMClock 2.3.5 and Throttle Watch 2.02), expectedly due to thermal throttle (currently on three AMD 10h CPUs, Phenom II X4 980, Athlon II X4 605e, Athlon II X3 420e), up to 117° C reported core temps (I used two more tools, Core Temp and SpeedFan)
From what i can remember most software takes best guess approaches to measuring the true temperature of modern day CPU's speaking about Intel,
And i dare say it's the same for AMD, a quote from the documents of
Realtemp.Intel designed these temperature sensors to control thermal throttling and thermal shut down and for those purposes,
they tend to work excellent. They were never designed to be used to report accurate core temperatures.So it's hard to know for sure when the
TJmax (Intel) or
TCase Max (AMD) is reached as
TJMax (IDK about AMD) is not a clearly defined value.
If you wanted to know a best guess for when the CPU is throttling due to overheating you would be looking for the
TJMax or
TCase Max for that particular CPU,
AFAIK Core Temp like all other software uses a best approximation approach.
You would then have to use something like core temp to get a rough idea of what the CPU's
TJMax or
TCase Max is,
As well as using something like CPU-Z at the same time to view the clock multiplier, core voltage, and Frequency of the CPU.
Watch for these to drop when you get close (could be +-10c) to
TJMax,
TCase Max.
All the while running your favorite stress test, Personally i used
IntelBurnTest works on AMD to.
But if i'm honest i would be very worried if any CPU reached
117° C 
like the OP said IDK if AMD run hot normally but there comes a point when
reducing the noise a PC makes can be taken to far if your going to cook you components due to lack of good air flow.
As for the other end of the scale like
MikeC said AMD used to use C'n'Q I think they now call it P-States and for Intel its C-States,
but that's a hole other kettle of fish.
